Disjoint and Overlapping Process Changes: Challenges, Solutions, Applications

Adaptive process–aware information systems must be able to support ad–hoc changes of single process instances as well as schema modifications at the process type level and their propagation to a collection of related process instances. So far these two kinds of (dynamic) process changes have been mainly considered in an isolated fashion. Especially for long-running processes, however, it must be possible to adequately handle the interplay between type and instance changes as well. One challenge in this context is to determine whether concurrent process type and process instance changes have the same or overlapping effects on the original process schema or not. Information about the degree of overlap is needed, for example, to determine whether and – if yes – how a process type change can be propagated to individually modified process instances as well. This paper provides a formal framework for dealing with overlapping and disjoint process changes and presents adequate migration strategies depending on the particular degree of overlap. In order to obtain a canonical representation of changes an algorithm is introduced which purges change logs from noisy information. Finally, a powerful proof-of-concept prototype exists

Postmating female control: 20 years of cryptic female choice

Cryptic female choice (CFC) represents postmating intersexual selection arising from female-driven mechanisms at or after mating that bias sperm use and impact male paternity share. Although biologists began to study CFC relatively late, largely spurred by Eberhard's book published 20 years ago, the field has grown rapidly since then. Here, we review empirical progress to show that numerous female processes offer potential for CFC, from mating through to fertilization, although seldom has CFC been clearly demonstrated. We then evaluate functional implications, and argue that, under some conditions, CFC might have repercussions for female fitness, sexual conflict, and intersexual coevolution, with ramifications for related evolutionary phenomena, such as speciation. We conclude by identifying directions for future research in this rapidly growing field